Advanced optical fiber sensors for renewable energy storage monitoring

Batteries are at the core of modern energy storage technology and play a pivotal role in national new energy development strategies. However, their development faces numerous complex challenges, such as material selection, structural optimization, and manufacturing processes. Monitoring battery performance, state of charge, and health status is crucial, driving the urgent need for advanced monitoring technologies capable of revealing key physicochemical information within batteries. Such technologies provide an accurate basis for early failure warnings. Fiber optic sensors have gained significant attention in the electrochemical field owing to their numerous advantages, such as safety, low cost, compact structure, strong anti-interference capability, ease of integration, and minimal impact on battery performance. Fiber optic-based in-situ battery detection has become increasingly important to researchers and industry players. The integration of fiber optic sensing technology with smart battery platforms is expected to bring disruptive changes and progress in the battery industry. This paper aims to promote the establishment of a battery in-situ sensing technology framework referred to as the “Lab-on-fiber". The goal is to enable real-time monitoring of battery performance, health, and safety status, thereby enhancing the reliability of energy storage systems. This paper focuses on the advantages and latest advancements in fiber optic battery in-situ monitoring, highlighting its great potential in promoting next-generation sustainable energy systems. The paper also addresses the challenges and future directions of fiber optic sensing in fostering the sustainable development of battery systems.