Measuring Heat Stress Responses and Adaptability in Water Buffaloes in a Tropical Climate

Abstract Water buffaloes are recognized for tolerating heat but are still susceptible to heat stress. This study aims to determine whether water buffalo farms are subjected to stressful environmental conditions and to assess the animals’ biological responses to heat stress. Additionally, it explains how these animals adapt to specific ecological conditions. Temperature and relative humidity were measured during summer, and the temperature-humidity index (THI) was calculated. Biological parameters such as rectal temperature, pulse, and respiratory rate were recorded. Adaptability was assessed using the heat tolerance coefficient (HTC), along with the expression of the HSP70 gene as a biomarker for heat stress and thermotolerance. The study revealed moderate to severe heat stress in the farms, indicated by THI>85, and all recorded animal responses were above normal levels. Some animals were drooling, breathing heavily, and panting. Although experiencing heat stress, frequent and prolonged exposure allowed adaptability, as indicated by an HTC>90, and elevated levels of HSP70 gene expression for its protective mechanisms. Interventions like using fans and misters and providing more drinking water helped improve conditions. In conclusion, while water buffaloes experience heat stress, they can develop thermotolerance and adaptability over time. Information © The Authors 2025