STUDY OF THE PROCESS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN A PYROLYSIS PLANT FOR HEATING LIVESTOCK PREMISES

Agricultural production is one of the most energy-intensive sectors of national economy. One of the unsolved problems of modern livestock breeding in Ukraine remains the creation of standardized conditions for keeping animals in livestock buildings. High concentration of livestock per unit area leads to deterioration of air composition, which is polluted with ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and dust. As a result, slaughter increases, weight gain and safety of animals decrease. The standardized air exchange of livestock buildings is provided by the system of mechanical forced supply and exhaust ventilation. The main part of energy in animal husbandry, about 50%, is spent on maintaining the required microclimate parameters. During the heating period, which lasts 6-9 months in 80% of Ukraine, it is necessary to heat air blown into livestock buildings. For this purpose, from 60 % to 80 % of total heat energy consumed is used. At the same time, to ensure the required microclimate parameters inside the livestock house, ventilation air is removed to the atmosphere and, along with harmful substances, a significant amount of heat is removed (90% of total heat loss of buildings). For Ukraine, which has a developed agriculture that produces a significant amount of organic waste, biomass could become a priority source of renewable energy resources. Currently, one of the directions of energy utilization of biomass is production of fuel gas obtained by its thermal decomposition. The study of a large number of pyrolysis plants of various designs cited in scientific literature allows us to conclude that many technologies cannot be sufficiently efficient due to a number of drawbacks: improvement of technological modes is not considered in functional connection with heat and mass transfer and hydrodynamic processes in pyrolysis chambers during thermal decomposition of organic raw materials; no measures are provided for prompt response to current changes in physical and mechanical properties in the feedstock flow and correction of pyrolysis process parameters in order to achieve the required optimal results, which does not allow predicting the composition of resulting gas. Therefore, research aimed at the development of technology for effective heating of livestock buildings is relevant.