Review of techniques for pneumatic maxillary sinus lift in dental implant placement

The purpose of this article was to comprehensively analyze the techniques used for maxillary sinus elevation, considering the degree of pneumatization observed in dental care procedures. The methodology adopted included a systematic review of recent scientific literature, covering a total of 12 articles published between 2019 and 2024. The databases consulted were PubMed, ResearchGate and Scopus, ensuring the selection of relevant and high scientific quality studies. Among the identified techniques, lateral windows and osteotome-assisted transcrestal techniques stand out, both applied with or without bone graft placement, depending on the anatomical characteristics of the patient. Likewise, alternative techniques were described, such as drilling and hydraulic pressure, piezoelectric surgery and the use of membrane balloon devices for maxillary sinus lifting, which present specific advantages in certain clinical scenarios. The results underline the importance of personalizing the choice of surgical technique based on the particularities of each case, highlighting the need for a thorough evaluation using computed tomography. Factors such as the remaining alveolar ridge, the degree of pneumatization and the anatomical conditions of the maxillary sinus play a crucial role in treatment planning. In conclusion, the success of maxillary sinus lift procedures lies in the appropriate selection of the surgical technique, based on an accurate diagnosis and the clinical experience of the professional, which contributes to improving the functional and aesthetic results in the placement of dental implants.