Elevated Serum Ferritin and Insulin Resistance in Libyan Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder associated with metabolic and hormonal disturbances, including insulin resistance (IR) and altered iron metabolism. This retrospective case-control study aimed to evaluate serum ferritin levels and insulin resistance in 196 Libyan women (98 PCOS cases and 98 controls) attending the Tripoli Fertility Center. Anthropometric, biochemical, and hormonal parameters were assessed, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, and hormonal levels. Results revealed significantly higher BMI, WC, and IR (HOMA-IR) in the PCOS group compared to controls (p < 0.001). Elevated ferritin levels were also observed in PCOS patients (p = 0.001), with a weak but significant correlation between ferritin and IR (r = 0.104, p = 0.01). The PCOS group exhibited a more atherogenic lipid profile, with lower HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.0001) and higher LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.0001). Hormonal analysis showed elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) and a reduced FSH/LH ratio (p < 0.0001), consistent with PCOS pathophysiology. intricate relationship between metabolic dysfunction, hormonal imbalances, and altered iron metabolism in women with PCOS.