Declining humanitarian funding and health security threats: insights from Rohingya refugees and host communities in Ukhiya and Teknaf, Bangladesh

ABSTRACT This study examines the repercussions of declining humanitarian funding on health security for Rohingya refugees and host communities in Ukhiya and Teknaf, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this research integrates household surveys, focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and sector-specific reports to evaluate access to nutrition, water, sanitation, hygiene, and healthcare services. Findings reveal a significant deterioration in health security associated with funding limitations. Malnutrition rates have escalated notably, with global acute malnutrition among children reaching 15.1%. Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services are increasingly jeopardized, as 18% of individuals receive less than 20 L of water per day, while latrine access in 15 camps falls short of acceptable standards. Aged infrastructure and the ongoing reports of acute watery diarrhea (AWD) continue to exacerbate health risks. Healthcare systems encounter critical challenges, including a reduction in health posts, shortages of medical supplies, and increased demand for host community clinics. This study underscores the necessity for sustained and diversified funding, integrated health, and WASH programs. It highlights the interconnectedness of resource constraints and community vulnerabilities to safeguard health security and mitigate further detrimental effects on both refugee and host populations.