What Ethical Issues do ChatGPT Face: A Bibliometrics Based Study

ChatGPT represents a groundbreaking AI application that has garnered significant attention since its inception. However, despite its promising potential, its ethical implications have sparked considerable debate. This study aims to examine the key concerns surrounding the ethical governance of ChatGPT by conducting a bibliometric analysis and cluster-based content analysis of relevant scientific literature. The bibliometric analysis identifies influential authors, countries, and pivotal publications, revealing three primary categories of ethical issues associated with ChatGPT: human-related ethics, academic integrity and technical literacy, and artificial intelligence (AI) technology ethics and derived ethical concerns. Additionally, content analysis further refines these categories by synthesizing frequently occurring keywords. Building on this framework, the study provides a comprehensive discussion of the major ethical challenges faced by ChatGPT, as well as outlining future research priorities. Furthermore, this research investigates the knowledge base underlying ChatGPT's ethical governance, exploring key high-citation and high-link-strength literature through co-citation analysis, thereby mapping the research landscape and highlighting areas of growing scholarly interest. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and technology practitioners, emphasizing the need for more stringent policies, comprehensive guidelines, and robust ethical design in the development of ChatGPT and similar AI technologies.