A Narrative Pharmacological Review: Current Research Status of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> Applications of Natural Spice Celery Seed

Celery ( Apium graveolens L. ) seeds, derived from the herbaceous plant of the Apiaceae family, are valued for both their culinary and medicinal applications. These seeds are utilized as a flavoring agent in various cultures and are also employed in traditional therapies to address a range of ailments. Rich in trace elements and petroselinic acid, celery seeds possess significant nutritional value. Additionally, they contain a variety of bioactive compounds and demonstrate a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Topically, they can act as a mosquito repellent and possess antimicrobial properties. When consumed internally, it has been reported to have effects such as improving reproductive capacity, hepatoprotection, treatment of gout, anticancer activity, antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effects, hypotensive action, hypolipidemic effects, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in numerous animal experiments and clinical trials, no toxicity has been observed. This comprehensive review explores the pharmacological applications and biological activities associated with these intriguing natural flavors, aiming to delineate their potential as alternative therapeutic agents and dietary supplements for health promotion. It is anticipated that this information will serve as a valuable reference for the future development and utilization of celery seeds.