Research on China’s Carbon Footprint Accounting Based on a High-Precision CO2 Emission Inventory

Calculating carbon footprints can aid in clarifying the emission reduction responsibilities in various regions. Using an input–output model and the high-precision top-down carbon emission inventory provided by the China Carbon Monitoring, Verification, and Support System for Regional (CCMVS-R), carbon footprint size and transfer direction in China were estimated. From a production responsibility perspective, Shandong, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia presented the greatest carbon footprints, while the production and distribution of electric power and heat power constituted the sector with the highest carbon footprint. From a consumption responsibility perspective, Guangdong, Shandong, and Jiangsu displayed the highest carbon footprints, whereas the construction sector presented the greatest carbon footprint. From the perspective of shared responsibility, Shandong, Guangdong, and Jiangsu experienced the greatest pressure to reduce emissions, and carbon footprint reductions in the production and distribution of electric power and heat power sector are critical for mitigating climate warming. Carbon footprints were generally transferred from economically developed regions with limited natural resources to industrially developed regions with abundant natural resources, and from developed provinces to neighboring provinces. On the basis of these results, it would be helpful for the government to formulate reasonable emission reduction measures to achieve sustainable development.