MODERN PROBLEMS OF THE ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

Modern problems of the illicit trafficking of radioactive materials pose a serious threat to global security, ecology and human health. The article provides number of events dealt with the prevention of the illicit trafficking of radioactive materials as in Ukraine so in other countries. Reasons of the occurrence of radioactive materials out of regulatory control are considered. Having analyzed the key aspects of the problem, it is possible to apply the reasons for its occurrence, in particular, insufficient control over radioactive materials, the weakness of regulatory mechanisms in a number of countries, as well as the growth of terrorist and criminal threats. The article examines the consequences of the illegal circulation of radioactive materials for society, such as the risks of radiation contamination, an increase in the level of terrorist activity, and economic losses. Special attention is paid to the analysis of international efforts to combat the illicit circulation of radioactive materials, including the activities of such organizations as the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Global Initiative to Combat Acts of Nuclear Terrorism. The role of modern monitoring technologies, integrated surveillance systems and automation of control processes is highlighted. Ways to increase the effectiveness of countermeasures are proposed, including improving international legislation, creating a global database of radioactive materials, increasing the level of professional training of personnel responsible for control of radioactive materials, as well as strengthening information interaction between states. The article is a contribution to the scientific discussion of the problem and offers specific practical measures aimed at reducing the risks associated with the illegal circulation of radioactive materials.