Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Atopic Dermatitis in the Dermatovenerology Department of the National References University Teaching Hospital of N’Djamena (Chad): About 103 Cases

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammation of the skin. The diagnosis is clinical and based on the United Kingdom Working Party criterion led by Williams. The aim of this study is to contribute to the management of atopic eczema within the dermatovenerology department of the CHU-RN of N’Djamena. Material and Method: This was a descriptive and analytical retrospective study carried out over a period of 12 months (January 2019 to December 2019). Included were all patients diagnosed with Atopic dermatitis in the dermatovenerology department of the University Hospital Center of the National Reference of N’Djamena. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The study included 602 patients. The diagnosis of AD was retained in 38 patients with a prevalence of 6.3%. The average age was 10.84 years (0 to 25 years). A female predominance (sex-ratio F/M = 1.2). The Atopic dermatitis had started before 2 years in the 38 patients, 39.5% before 15 years and 60.5% after 15 years. Familial atopy was statistically associated with AD (P = 0.004). Inbreeding was statistically associated with Atopic dermatitis (P = 0.002). Lichenification was more represented (78.9%) followed by cutaneous xerosis. The wrists and hands were the most affected respectively in 23.7% and 21.1% of cases. The study showed bacterial superinfection in 31 patients (81%) and only 1 case (2.6%) of viral superinfection. Topical corticosteroids and emollients were used in 95% and 74% of cases respectively. Antihistamines in 92% of cases, antibiotics were necessary in 58% by local application and 29% by the enteral route. Conclusion: Although the frequency is high in this study, it remains low compared to other studies, which makes it possible to classify Chad among the countries of medium prevalence. However, in-depth studies at the national level including the triggering factors will be necessary.