Recent advances of Fiber-reinforced polymer composites for defense innovations

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have emerged as pivotal materials in defense applications due to their remarkable mechanical properties, lightweight design, and adaptability. This study reviews advancements in FRP composites, highlighting their superior strength-to-weight ratios, and impact resistance, which make them ideal for ballistic protection and aerospace. The review examines a variety of fiber types, including synthetic fibers like glass, carbon, aramid, and UHMWPE, as well as natural fibers focusing on their enhanced mechanical and functional properties achieved through processing techniques. The manufacturing approach of FRP composites occurs through widely recognized methods such as hand lay-up, compression molding, pultrusion, and advanced techniques like additive manufacturing, which have significantly contributed to the advancement of these composites. Furthermore, the incorporation of nanomaterials has transformed FRP composites by enhancing mechanical strength, interfacial bonding, and energy absorption. The study emphasizes the growing importance of hybrid composites and nanotechnology-enhanced materials, which combine multiple fiber types or introduce nano-scale fillers to reduce weight and improve ballistic performance. In particular, applications in body armor, helmets, and aircraft equipment are presented, demonstrating advancements that enhance military protection without compromising mobility. Additionally, issues like cost, recycling restrictions, and performance maintenance in the face of changing threats are addressed; future studies will concentrate on sustainable materials, economical procedures, and cutting-edge protective systems.