Footprints of Edge Communities’ Exploitation of a Plant Species (<i>Guiboutia Copallifera)</i> Within Its Distributional Range in Sierra Leone

This study investigates the impact of human activity on the diversity, abundance, and species composition of trees in southwestern Sierra Leone's Kasewe Forest Reserve. The specific objectives are to assess the historical use of <i>Guibourtia copallifera</i> in relation to the reserve and examine community relations with this species. Primary data were collected through a floristic inventory and key informant interviews, focusing on the use of forest land and floral resources. A total of 1,294 living specimens from 74 tree species and 12 lianas, belonging to 61 genera in 27 families, were recorded in the study. The most dominant species were <i>Guibourtia copallifera, followed by Nesogordonia papaverifera, Memecylon normandii</i>, and <i>Gmelina arborea.</i> Other species recorded at lower levels include <i>Homalium africanum, Lindackeria dentata, Pentadesma butyracea, and Santiria trimera.</i> Additionally, 675 stumps from 42 genera in 29 families were identified, with 88 trees showing harvesting marks. The study also recorded 147 old charcoal pits and 76 new charcoal pits. In the Kasewe Forest Reserve, 13 patches of <i>Gmelina arborea</i> plantations, along with 26 old and 11 new farms, were recorded. The study revealed that rapid anthropogenic activities and poor forest management have led to a decline in tree diversity. Edge communities remain crucial for the reserve's health, management, and future. Traditions, culture, and customs play a key role in the reserve's services and products, but the full historical use of the area is poorly documented. These findings highlight the urgent need for effective forest development and a recovery plan for degraded areas.