Hybrid silica aerogels from bridged silicon alkoxides: ultralow thermal conductivity for low-temperature applications

Abstract Hybrid silica aerogels are promising materials for thermal insulation applications. Highly porous aerogels were synthesized from bridged bis(triethoxysilyl)methane BTEM and triethoxysilane TREOS silicon alkoxides via the sol‒gel process. The carbon content in the hybrid aerogels decreased with increasing amounts of TREOS. Crack-free monolith aerogels were synthesized through supercritical drying, which is crucial for thermal and optical investigations. The aerogels are characterized by high BET surface areas ranging from 700 to 1400 m²/g, pore volumes between 2.0 and 10.5 cm³/g, and a maximum porosity of 95%. The thermal conductivity of the aerogels at room temperature was measured via a hot disk apparatus. The materials exhibited ultralow thermal conductivity, reaching a minimum value of 15 mW/mK. This value ranks among the lowest reported values for silica-based aerogels in the literature. Optical transmittance measurements indicated high transparency, exceeding 80% in the visible region. Therefore, these exceptional properties of low density, high optical transparency, and low thermal conductivity make these materials promising candidates for transparent insulation applications. Graphical Abstract