Three-Rooted Maxillary Premolars: A Case Report on Rare Root Canal Morphology in the First and Second Maxillary Premolars

Morphological and anatomical variations of the canal system present one of the main challenges during root canal treatment (RCT) and retreatment. In fact, the presence of an additional atypical canal and/or root can often go undetected, leaving it unshaped and uncleaned. This significantly increases the risk of treatment failure. The present case report illustrates two cases of endodontic treatment of maxillary first and second premolars with unusual and rare three-root canals. Case A illustrates a 32-year-old patient with complex and atypical root anatomy on the first right premolar (#14) and second right premolar (#15). Case B illustrates a 24-year-old patient with atypical and complex root canal anatomy on the second right premolar (#15) and the second left premolar (#25). The illustrated two cases highlighted the importance of thorough and meticulous clinical examination during RCT. It demonstrates that there is always a possibility of atypical variations in the standard morphology, particularly in the number of canals.