Biomarkers of cognitive impairment in obstructive sleep apnea

Abstract Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has garnered widespread attention. The mechanisms underlying MCI in patients with OSA are currently believed to be the combined effects of nocturnal intermittent hypoxia, hypercapnia, and sleep fragmentation, all of which can impact cerebral blood flow, synaptic function, and the integrity of the blood–brain barrier. However, the neural mechanisms contributing to MCI in patients with OSA remain incompletely understood. Recently, an increasing number of studies have focused on the identifying biomarkers for cognitive impairment in patients with OSA. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers related to cognitive impairment in patients with OSA including those found in body fluids, magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography as well as the impact of continuous positive airway pressure treatment on them. This review aims to provide valuable insights for future research on the mechanisms of cognitive impairment in patients with OSA and potential therapeutic strategies.