Exploring the role of phototherapy in the management of Seasonal Affective Disorder

Introduction and Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present biological mechanisms underlying the development of a seasonal affective disorder (SAD), as well as discussing the effectiveness of light therapy as a treatment for this disorder. The paper raises the issues relating to the use of low level light technology, such as red and blue light, and their potential influence on the improvement of mood and circadian rhythm regulation in the treatment of seasonal depression. Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Light therapy is an effective treatment for seasonal affective disorder (SAD), based on exposure to 10000 lux. It influences the regulation of the circadian rhythm, the production of serotonin and melatonin, of which serotonin is a precursor. The right light intensity and exposure time are crucial to the therapy effectiveness. Despite promising results, further research of the light therapy mechanisms is still needed. Summary: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) mainly affects people living in areas where days are short in winter and there is insufficient time of exposure to sunlight. The disease is more common in younger, middle-aged people and in patients diagnosed with other mood disorders. Light therapy as an alternative to pharmacotherapy can significantly improve the health of patients suffering from SAD by reducing the depression symptoms. Materials and Methods: The literature review was conducted using the Google Scholar database.