Standardization of grafting techniques for superior clonal propagation of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.: Potentiality in ecological and economic importance

Ceiba pentandra (Linn.) Gaertn. commonly known as kapok, is increasingly gaining importance as one of the major tree components in agroforestry systems due to its multipurpose nature. Its adaptability and productivity make it advantageous for promoting sustainable livelihood improvement among farmers. The study explores the ecological, economic and environmental significance of kapok, by assessing the effectiveness of wedge grafting methods and its successful propagation under controlled nursery conditions. Grafting was performed at six intervals (June-November) with two conditions: with polycap and without polycap. One-year-old scions with 3-4 healthy buds were grafted onto 6-8-month-old rootstocks. Various parameters, including graft take percentage, bud sprouting time, sprouting percentage, first leaf emergence time, sprout length, number of leaves and graft survival, were evaluated. The results highlighted the significant influence of timing and polycap usage on grafting success. November grafts with polycap exhibited the highest graft take (71.5%), while July grafts with polycap showed the shortest bud sprouting time (13.78 days) and longest sprout lengths. Graft survival was highest (79.8%) in October with polycap. Polycap usage enhanced outcomes by creating a humid microenvironment, reducing desiccation and supporting graft union formation. The findings emphasize the effectiveness of wedge grafting and polycap in improving vegetative propagation success in kapok. This technique offers a reliable method for clonal multiplication, ensuring high-quality planting stock for agroforestry and commercial applications.