Mapping the Scholarly Landscape on AI and Diplomacy

Abstract This study examines how artificial intelligence ( AI ) has been discussed in the context of diplomacy in the 21st century, highlighting the emerging challenges and opportunities identified in academic literature. While recent developments such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and other generative AI (GenAI) tools have revolutionised various sectors, their specific applications to diplomacy remain underexplored. This research maps the scholarly landscape by systematically reviewing 231 academic articles on AI and diplomacy, identifying key themes, topics and geographical focuses in the literature. The insights from this review are analysed to explore potential future directions for AI , including GenAI, in diplomacy, offering insights from the academic discourse and identifying gaps for future research.