Strength and Durability of Concrete with Quarry Dust as a Sand Substitute

Abstract Growth has increased demand for natural sand, producing depletion and environmental difficulties. Quarry dust—a byproduct of rock crushing—is studied as a sustainable substitute for natural sand in M40-grade concrete. Significant effects on workability and compressive strength at various replacement weight percentages of 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% are the main focus. According to IS 10262-2019 and IS 516-1959, 45 concrete samples were cast, cured, and evaluated at 7, 14, and 28 days. Replacing up to 20% of fine aggregate with quarry dust boosts compressive strength. The peak strength after 28 days was 46.35 MPa, significantly less than the average mix's 47.23 MPa. Performance diminishes beyond this threshold, with strengths decreasing to 35.21 MPa at 30% replacement levels and 34.04 MPa at 40%. The results show that quarry dust can replace natural sand due to its similar physical and chemical properties. Use of recycled industrial waste in concrete saves sand supply, decreases environmental harm, and supports circular economy. This study revealed that sustainable concrete production at 20% replacement may retain durability and strength. Quarry dust's environmental benefits may help the building industry become greener and more resource-efficient. Keywords: M40 Concrete Mix, Quarry Dust, Fine Aggregate Replacement, Sustainable Construction, Compressive Strength.