EFFECTS OF THE SPECTRUM AND TEACHING GAME FOR UNDERSTANDING (TGFU) APPROACHES ON HANDBALL SKILLS AMONG IRAQI SCHOOL STUDENTS

The ongoing underrepresentation of Iraqi school students in science, mathematics, and PE (physical education) (SMPE) in general, and especially in PE demonstrates the need to develop and implement strategic high impact practice, such as new effective teaching strategies that not only improve students' academic outcomes but also foster student development holistically. In Iraqi schools, there is a need to help students persist and remain interested in their discipline and academic level; hence, this study aims to explore the effects of various PE STA (spectrum teaching approaches), the TGFU (teaching game for understanding), and TTA (traditional teaching approach) on intermediate school students' HBS (basic handball skills). A total of 90 male students participated in the present study. In EGs (experimental groups), the STA and TGFU were employed for EG1 (experimental group one) and EG2 (experimental group two), while the TTA was used for CG (control group). The results of the SPANOVA test showed a significant effect of the STA and TGFU approaches in enhancing the BHS in favour of the STA. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the interaction between Test time and teaching groups. The value of research does not require only coming up with solutions to a problem (under study) but also revealing new concerns worthy of investigation and analysis, such as investigating this tool's effectiveness in teaching other sports.