On the theorems of Frobenius, Zorn and Hopf’s commutativity

Let \(A\) be a real algebra. It is called <i> locally complex algebra</i> if every non-zero element generates a subalgebra isomorphic to either \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}.\) It is said to satisfy the <em>uniqueness of the square root except the sign</em> if the equation \(x^2=y^2\) implies \(y=\pm x.\) We show the following: 1. Every locally complex algebra is a quadratic algebra. 2. Every alternative locally complex algebra is isomorphic to either \(\mathbb{R},\) \(\mathbb{C},\) \(\mathbb{H}\) or \(\mathbb{O}.\) 3. Every commutative locally complex algebra without divisors of zero is isomorphic to either \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}.\) 4. Every finite-dimensional algebra satisfying the uniqueness of the square root except the sign has dimension \(\leq 2\) and contains non-zero idempotents.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing
Published
2025-03-16
DOI
https://doi.org/10.61091/jcmcc124-14
Primary Topic
Advanced Algebra and Geometry
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

On the theorems of Frobenius, Zorn and Hopf’s commutativity

Alassane Diouf, Micòl Amar, Elhassan Idnarour, Abdellatif Rochdi
Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing
Advanced Algebra and Geometry
article

On the theorems of Frobenius, Zorn and Hopf’s commutativity

Alassane Diouf, Micòl Amar, Elhassan Idnarour, Abdellatif Rochdi
article en

Abstract

Let \(A\) be a real algebra. It is called <i> locally complex algebra</i> if every non-zero element generates a subalgebra isomorphic to either \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}.\) It is said to satisfy the <em>uniqueness of the square root except the sign</em> if the equation \(x^2=y^2\) implies \(y=\pm x.\) We show the following: 1. Every locally complex algebra is a quadratic algebra. 2. Every alternative locally complex algebra is isomorphic to either \(\mathbb{R},\) \(\mathbb{C},\) \(\mathbb{H}\) or \(\mathbb{O}.\) 3. Every commutative locally complex algebra without divisors of zero is isomorphic to either \(\mathbb{R}\) or \(\mathbb{C}.\) 4. Every finite-dimensional algebra satisfying the uniqueness of the square root except the sign has dimension \(\leq 2\) and contains non-zero idempotents.

Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial ComputingVol. 124
Openalex Percentile: Top 91%
Advanced Algebra and Geometry
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On the theorems of Frobenius, Zorn and Hopf’s commutativity — Alassane Diouf, Micòl Amar, et al. · Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS