Reconstructing Structure and Function Post Spinal Cord Injury by Facilitating Novel Integration Therapy and Neuromodulation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been a research hotspot for its poor prognosis and limited effects in current treatment methods. Consistent hostile responses in damaged regions and functional incapabilities can lead to major complications. Most approaches focus on either structural or functional reconstruction. For restoring function, facilitating innate neuroplasticity and neuromodulation showed promising potentials, including rehabilitation therapy and various forms of electrical stimulation, examples include epidural electrical stimulation (EES), functional electrical stimulation (FES), transcutaneous electrical neural stimulation (TENS), and deep brain stimulation (DBS). Recent advances in treatments for SCI include integrating conventional methods and installing interfaces, such as brain-computer interface (BCI) and brain-spine interface (BSI).