The Dilemma of Conservation and Adaptation in the Reuse of Urban Historic Industrial Areas - Case Study: Manufaktura (Poland) and Ex-Mattatoio (Italy)

The Industrial Revolution not only led to profound changes in social, economic, and technological fields but also transformed production areas into an integral part of urban infrastructure. By the mid-20th century, these areas, which had evolved with changes in production methods, had gradually become abandoned and unused. Initially, these areas, particularly the complex historic industrial zones in cities, were seen as unhealthy and dangerous. However, over time, they were internationally recognized as “industrial heritage.” Since the 1970s, the developing concept of conservation has increasingly emphasized the transformation and active reuse of these areas, highlighting their spatial potential within urban settings. In Europe, where industrialization was intensely experienced and such derelict areas are prevalent, the reuse of this type of heritage often includes transformations into museums, recreational areas, exhibition spaces, educational facilities, residential areas, and commercial zones. The fundamental principle considered during these transformations is to restore the original activity of these areas, which were specifically designed to serve industrial functions in the past, by adapting them to meet the contemporary needs of society and cities with a completely new spatial identity and modern living standards. On the other hand, preserving the authenticity and integrity of cultural heritage sites, ensuring their values are passed on to future generations, is another key principle in the reuse of historic industrial areas. This study focuses on two main principles in the transformation of urban historic industrial areas: adapting the spaces to contemporary life and maintaining heritage conservation. It examines the balance and orientations created between these two different parameters. Within this scope, research and analysis are conducted on two industrial urban areas that have been transformed into active urban spaces: Manufaktura in Poland and Ex-Mattatoio in Italy.