Design and simulation of HTL-free CuBi2O4 based thin film solar cells for performance efficiency above 36%

The quest for efficient and sustainable energy solutions has propelled the exploration of novel materials and strategies for enhancing the performance of thin-film solar cells (TFSCs). This work presents a comprehensive investigation into the potential of CuBi2O4 based TFSCs as a viable candidate for high-efficiency photovoltaic devices. Through rigorous numerical simulation utilizing the SCAPS-1D software, this study delves into the intricate interplay of material properties, layer characteristics, and design strategies to unlock the untapped potential of CuBi2O4 based SCs. The study extensively investigates the influence of thickness, doping levels, and defect densities of each absorber on electrical properties like open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The simulation results reveal a remarkable achievement, with a recorded efficiency of 36.04%, FF of 81.11%, JSC of 32.15 mA/cm², and VOC of 1.38 V. These findings point to the potential of thin-film SC based on CuBi2O4 as a greener and more efficient photovoltaic option. As an absorber material for next-generation SC, CuBi2O4 exhibits potential with an efficiency of 36.04%. This investigation advances CuBi2O4-based thin-film SC and provides light on sustainable energy solutions.