Efficacy of various imaging methods in the diagnosis of ruptures of arteriovenous malformations in children

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that arteriovenous malformations (AVM) of the brain are the main cause of intracerebral hemorrhages in pediatric practice, posing a serious threat to the health and life of children. According to pathological studies, the incidence of AVM varies from 0.06 to 0.11 %, while the proportion of pediatric patients is 3–19 % of the total number of cases. Purpose of the study: to assess the role of cerebral angiography in the diagnosis and treatment planning of ruptured brain AVM in children. Materials and methods: The study included 70 patients aged 1 to 18 years with a confirmed diagnosis of brain AVM complicated by hemorrhage. A comprehensive assessment of clinical and diagnostic data was performed, including CT, MRI, and cerebral angiography. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Rankin Scale with a follow-up for up to 1 year. Results: The prevalence of small AVMs (up to 3 cm) was established in 81.4 % of cases, with the most frequent localization in the parietal lobe (34.3 %). The effectiveness of treatment is confirmed by the absence of fatal outcomes and favorable functional outcomes in 67.1 % of the patients (0–2 by the Rankin Scale). Total exclusion of AVM during control angiography after one year was achieved in 87 % of the examined patients. Conclusion: Cerebral angiography is a reference diagnostic method for AVM ruptures in children, providing accurate visualization of angioarchitecture and allowing optimization of surgical treatment tactics.