From placenta to cradle: Histopathology as a predictor of fetal and neonatal well-being

Placental histopathology serves as an invaluable tool in understanding fetal and neonatal outcomes. This review synthesizes the current knowledge regarding various placental lesions, their clinical significance, and their correlation with neonatal morbidity and mortality. Through a detailed examination of placental structure, abnormalities, and histopathological findings, this article highlights the predictive potential of placental pathology in clinical practice. Emphasis is placed on how specific pathologies such as vascular malperfusion, chorioamnionitis, and villitis influence outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and neonatal sepsis. Key findings from recent literature are integrated with histopathological examination protocols to propose a comprehensive framework for utilizing placental pathology in perinatal care.