Social entrepreneurship: challenges, risks, and opportunities

Abstract This article explores the role of technology, interoperability, and digital identity in promoting social entrepreneurship within a secure and inclusive framework. Social entrepreneurship, with its focus on social impact, often requires adaptable technological solutions to overcome operational challenges. The principles of technological neutrality and interoperability allow entrepreneurs to adopt appropriate tools regardless of infrastructure, thereby enhancing inclusivity and resilience. The article examines European and Spanish regulations, such as eIDAS, GDPR, and the Spanish Social Economy Strategy, which support secure data practices and integration within the EU. By fostering collaboration and ensuring data security, these technologies create a robust environment for social enterprises that align with social economy values, promote equitable and sustainable development, and provide strong protections for all users.