Lagrangian descriptors in geophysical flows: a survey

Abstract This survey focuses on the application of Lagrangian descriptors to reveal the geometry of phase space structures that determine transport in dynamical systems. We present diverse formulations of the method and examine various applications of Lagrangian descriptors in geophysical fluids, such as atmospheric flows and oceanic currents. The method of Lagrangian Descriptors has proven to be a powerful tool for characterizing transport and mixing in these contexts, demonstrating how these tools have enhanced our understanding of complex fluid dynamics in critical environments.