A Content Analysis of Intermediate Chinese Language Textbooks in Japan

In the context of negative public perception of China in Japan, this study applies appraisal theory to analyze the topics in 50 intermediate Chinese textbooks, demonstrating a notable imbalance.Approximately 70% of the topics focus on daily life and cultural themes, while critical issues such as environmental protection, technological progress, and social change are underrepresented.The emotional tone is predominantly avoidant-neutral, focusing on basic linguistic skills, with little exploration of more complex or diverse topics.This design supports foundational language learning but does not fully meet intermediate learners' needs for cognitive engagement and practical language application.Additionally, the proportion of negative topics exceeds that of positive and positive-neutral ones, potentially influencing learners' cultural attitudes and motivation.Despite this, the study identifies three strategies used by Chinese textbook authors in Japan to counteract negative perceptions of China.First, they offer cross-cultural explanations to help learners understand Sino-Japanese differences.Second, they challenge media biases by encouraging direct engagement with China.Third, they highlight China's technological advancements to reshape outdated stereotypes.These strategies aim to reduce misunderstandings of Chinese culture and enhance learners' cross-cultural awareness.