Assessment of Diabetes Management in Pregnant Women with Type 2 Diabetes in Najaf

Background: Pregnancy causes hormonal and metabolic changes that are more complex in women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) due to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, increasing risks for both mother and fetus. Understanding these effects is crucial, especially in Najaf, Iraq, where diabetes prevalence is rising. Aim: This study examines hormonal changes in pregnant women with T2DM and their impact on pregnancy outcomes, focusing on diabetes management and healthcare support in Najaf. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 pregnant women with T2DM was conducted in five major hospitals. Data were collected via questionnaires and clinical assessments, and SPSS version 25 was used for analysis. Results: The study found that 70% of pregnant women with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) experienced hormonal or physical changes, including blood sugar fluctuations (20%), changes in energy levels (15%), and mood disturbances (5%). Common symptoms reported were severe fatigue (22%), unexplained weight gain (18%), and swelling in extremities (15%). Despite 80% receiving diabetes treatment, 55% struggled with blood sugar control, and 60% required treatment adjustments during pregnancy. Additionally, while 70% received medical guidance on diabetes-related risks, 84% expressed a need for more information and support, highlighting gaps in patient education and healthcare services. Conclusions: Hormonal changes in pregnant women with T2DM significantly impact maternal and fetal health, complicating diabetes management. Improved healthcare support, patient education, and individualized treatment strategies are crucial for better pregnancy outcomes. This study highlights the need for localized policies to address the specific challenges of pregnant women with T2DM in Najaf.