Prevalence of Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease: Comparative Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Hemoglobin Maintenance in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition marked by a gradual decline in kidney function.As CKD advances, it is associated with numerous complications, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in affected individuals.Aim: This study aims to explore the prevalence of complications in CKD, emphasizing anaemia and its implications for cardiovascular disease outcomes. Methodology:This cross-sectional study will evaluate the complications associated with CKD, focusing on anaemia and its cardiovascular effects.Patients will be selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, with data collected from electronic health records, including demographic details, medical histories, laboratory results, and treatment information. Results:The findings indicate that men are at a greater risk of developing CKD than women, particularly individuals aged 60-69.Among those with CKD, hypertension is more prevalent than diabetes or CVD.Calcium imbalances occur more frequently than other electrolyte disturbances, and the systemic effects of CKD notably impact cardiac health.Low hemoglobin levels can adversely affect cardiovascular well-being. Conclusion:The prevalence of complications in CKD is high and multifaceted, significantly affecting patients' health and quality of life.Anemia, a common complication, worsens as CKD progresses and exacerbates cardiovascular disease, leading to increased cardiac workload, heart failure, and arrhythmias.Effectively managing anemia in CKD patients is essential for improving cardiovascular outcomes and overall patient well-being.