Synthesis and characterization of P-doped g-C3N4/CuBi2O4 as a new heterogeneous nanocomposite for photocatalytic reduction of nitroaromatic compounds

In this research, the carbon substrate of graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized by polymerization route, and at the same time phosphorus element was successfully doped in its structure. Then CuBi 2 O 4 nanoparticles were coupled and decorated on the layers of g-C 3 N 4 . Morphology, structural properties, and photocatalytic activity of the new heterogeneous nanocomposites (P-doped g-C 3 N 4 /CuBi 2 O 4 ) were identified and evaluated using different and suitable spectroscopic and imaging methods. The synthesized nanocomposites were used as photocatalysts in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds, which had high photocatalytic activity so that the conversion of nitrobenzene to aminobenzene (aniline) had a 100 % yield within 60 min. In the above reactions, hydrazine monohydrate was used as a hydrogen supplier. P-doped g-C 3 N 4 /CuBi 2 O 4 photocatalyst had high recyclability and reusability. So after seven reuses, no measurable change was observed in the amount of nanocomposite and the rate of reaction efficiency. • Using visible light as an abundant, harmless, accessible and safe source in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds. • A photocatalyst using phosphorus-doped carbon nitride graphite coupled with CuBi 2 O 4 nanoparticles . • A suitable and efficient catalyst for the photoreduction of toxic nitroaromatic compounds. • Catalyst with high recyclability and reuse without significant loss of catalyst and reduction of conversion percentage.