The Effectiveness of Providing Restitution for Victims of Trafficking Crime in Batam City Based on Perma No. 1 Year 2022

Trafficking in Persons (TPPO) is a complex transnational crime with significant impacts on victims, both economically and psychosocially. Batam City, as a major transit area in the TPPO network in Indonesia, faces major challenges in the implementation of restitution for victims in accordance with Perma No. 1 Year 2022. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of restitution provision in Batam City, identify the main obstacles in its implementation, and evaluate the role of law enforcement officers in ensuring victims' rights are fulfilled. Using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, this study collected data through in-depth interviews and surveys with victims, lawyers, and relevant stakeholders. The results show that although regulations on restitution have been established, its implementation still faces obstacles in legal, administrative, and social aspects. The low fulfillment of restitution is caused by the ineffectiveness of legal mechanisms, weak law enforcement against TPPO intellectual actors, and lack of public awareness of victims' rights. This study recommends policy reform, strengthening the capacity of legal apparatus, and increasing victims' access to restitution in order to create a more effective and equitable protection system for victims of TPPO.