Diagnostic Evaluation and Evolution of Persistent Cytopenias: A Case Report

Persistent cytopenias, defined by a prolonged decrease in blood cells, are common clinical signs in various malignant hematological disorders, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Diagnosis relies on a thorough evaluation, including biological tests, notably bone marrow analysis, and sometimes genetic and molecular tests. Treatment of these conditions includes azacitidine and venetoclax, whose combined effectiveness has shown promising results, although side effects such as neutropenia require careful management. This article presents a case of AML treated with this combination, with continuous evaluation of disease progression, genetic mutations, and treatment resistance.