Optimal PID Controller Parameters Tuning via GOA and VSA for an AVR System

One of the very vital control scheme for power systems is automatic voltage regulator (AVR). Voltage instability may occur in the power systems when its cannot meet the reactive power demand. The reactive power balance in the power system is related to the terminal voltages of synchronous generators (SGs) in the system. The voltage stability for a synchronous generator can be provided with AVR. In this paper, proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller has been used for controlled the AVR system. In order to determined optimal PID controller gains, two different optimization methods called Golf Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Vortex Search Algorithm (VSA) have been chosen. The results have been analyzed with respect to maximum overshoot (MP), settling time (ST) for ±0.05 bandwidth and rising time (RT) from 0.1p.u to 0.9p.u. values. Moreover, the founded results have been compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in the literature. Also, robustness analyses have been performed for ±25% and ±50% changes of time constant parameters through the algorithm that gives better performance results. From the computed results, it has been observed that GOA has been capable to improved the performance outputs of AVR system and could tolerate changes in system time constant parameters.