Endoscopic correlation with histological findings in upper gastrointestinal biopsies

Endoscopic examination of the upper GI tract often suggests potential issues, but definitive diagnosis requires histopathological confirmation. Histopathology plays a crucial role in complementing endoscopic findings, with both techniques increasingly integrated in clinical practice. This prospective observational study spanned two years (April 2022 to March 2024) and included 100 cases. Data were collected from the Hospital Information System (SOLACE) and the Laboratory Information System. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA 14.2, with results assessed through both quantitative and qualitative variables. The study revealed that the stomach was the most frequently affected site (51%). Neoplastic lesions were more common (55%) than non-neoplastic ones (45%), with a higher prevalence in males (Male: Female = 1.5:1) and most cases occurring in individuals aged 50-60 years. Among esophageal lesions, neoplastic conditions were predominant, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most frequently observed malignancy. The concordance rate between endoscopic and histopathological diagnoses for neoplastic lesions was 97.3%. For stomach lesions, in non-neoplastic conditions, chronic atrophic gastritis was more common, with adenocarcinoma being the predominant neoplastic lesion, and there was 100% concordance between endoscopic and histological diagnoses. In duodenal lesions, non-neoplastic lesions like duodenitis were most common, also showing 100% concordance. Despite endoscopy’s ability to visually assess the upper GI tract, certain conditions such as Barrett’s esophagus, hyperplasia, and dysplasia require histopathological examination for confirmation. While endoscopy provides an initial assessment, histopathology offers definitive tissue analysis, making both essential for accurate diagnosis and effective patient management.