Energy decentralization and regional development: the potential of res in creating new economic clusters

In the context of the global transformation of the energy sector, decentralization based on renewable energy sources (RES) is becoming a key factor in sustainable regional development. This article analyzes the role of RES in the modern energy system, examines the regional structure of Russia’s energy complex, and assesses the level of renewable energy development. Particular attention is paid to energy decentralization and its impact on the formation of innovative economic clusters. The study demonstrates that regional differences in RES development are determined by climatic conditions, infrastructure levels, investment attractiveness, and government policies. The implementation of decentralized generation systems based on RES allows regions to reduce dependence on centralized grids, ensure energy supply stability, and create new economic opportunities. RES decentralization contributes to the formation of local energy markets, the development of energy storage and redistribution technologies, and the integration of smart grids. These processes stimulate job creation, the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the attraction of investments in high-tech industries. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the further development of RES clusters requires a comprehensive approach, including infrastructure improvements, support for scientific research, private capital attraction, and the advancement of regulatory frameworks.