Hemostatic alterations in sickle cell hemoglobinopathies

Background: Sickle cell disease is characterized by a complex and varied Patho-physiology. Nearly every component of hemostasis, including platelet function and the pro-coagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic systems are altered in sickle Cell Disease even in non-crisis steady-state patients. Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat from July 2012 to November 2014. A total of 201 cases were taken from OPD as well as from IPD of New civil hospital, Surat with presence of either sickle cell anaemia (SS) or sickle cell trait (AS). Blood samples were collected in Citrate and EDTA vacuttes. CBC were measured on the Sysmex KX-21 cell counter, PT, APTT, Fibrinogen and D-Dimer tests were performed on fully automated coagulometer - Stago STA compact CT coagulation analyzer. FDP was performed using latex agglutination test kit (TULIP XL FDP) Results: FDP was positive in sickle cell patients the odds/chances of patient going into crisis was 5.7 times greater than normal patient, PT value was ˃15.5 seconds in sickle cell patients the odds/chances of patient going into crisis was 6.6 times greater than normal patient, APTT value was ˃36 seconds in sickle cell patients the odds/chances of patient going into crisis was 4.2 times greater than normal patient, FIB (Fibrinogen) value was ˂340 mg/dl in sickle cell patients the odds/chances of patient going into crisis was 3.05 times greater than normal patient, D-Dimer value was ˃1.5 µg/ml in sickle cell patients the odds/chances of patient going into crisis was 4.74 times greater than normal patient. Conclusion: These findings are help in development of new therapeutic approaches and clinical management modalities in order to alleviate symptoms and prevent future complications. This knowledge may contribute to increase Sickle Cell Disease patient’s quality of life and thus prevent the morbidity and mortality.