A study of clinical and laboratory profile of multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma, a blood cancer driven by the uncontrolled growth of plasma cells in the bone marrow, can lead to severe complications. This study, conducted at Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, aimed to explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of Multiple myeloma patients. The cohort consisted of 75 patients, predominantly male (66.67%) with an average age of 62.13 years. Common symptoms included pallor (74.28%) and weakness (34.28%). Laboratory findings revealed anemia in 45.33% of patients, renal impairment with elevated serum creatinine in over 60%, and hypercalcemia in 32%. Lytic bone lesions were present in 67%, key markers of Multiple myeloma. M bands were detected in 70.58%, while immunofixation showed abnormal immunoglobulin bands, notably IgG kappa (28.12%) and IgG lambda (20.31%). Bone marrow analysis revealed normal myeloid and lymphoid cells in most patients, with erythroid hyperplasia in 24%. Special biochemical tests and immunohistochemistry matched in 89.28% of cases, while molecular and cytogenetic studies yielded positive results in 80%. Cases that exhibit discrepancies in results are likely attributed to specific underlying factors or variables. These differences can arise from a variety of defining reasons, including but not limited to variations in patient demographics, disease heterogeneity, laboratory techniques, or sample quality. These differences highlight the complexity of Multiple myeloma and the need for a thorough understanding of the factors influencing diagnostic outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach to accurately diagnose Multiple myeloma. Early detection and intervention are essential for improving patient outcomes. This research also underscores the need for further investigation into the genetic and molecular mechanisms of Multiple myeloma to better understand and treat the disease.