Public Awareness and Knowledge of Thyroid Disorders in the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Aims: Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine conditions; however, public awareness of these conditions remains insufficient in many regions. This study aimed to assess knowledge of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism among adults in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and October 2024 among 401 adult residents in the Qassim region. Data were collected using an online self-administered questionnaire that assessed demographic information and knowledge of thyroid disorders. Knowledge levels were classified as good or poor based on a median score of 13 out of 17 points. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26, and chi-square test was used to examine associations (P<0.05). Results: Of the participants, 19% reported having thyroid disorders, with hypothyroidism being the most prevalent (59.3%). Knowledge of thyroid disorders was generally low, with only 44.1% of the participants demonstrating a good level of knowledge. Good knowledge was significantly higher among participants with thyroid disorders, those who consulted a doctor, and those who received drug treatment (P<0.05). Participants were aware of the common symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as weight loss (78.3%) and insomnia (82.8%), and symptoms of hypothyroidism, including weight gain (87%) and fatigue (84.8%). However, critical gaps remain, particularly regarding the hereditary nature of thyroid disorders and the effects of iodine-rich diets. Conclusions: This study highlights the insufficient public knowledge about thyroid disorders in the Qassim region. Health awareness campaigns targeting high-risk groups and focusing on symptom recognition, lifestyle factors, and prevention strategies are essential for improving public understanding and fostering early diagnosis and management.