Citizen science approach for springshed management: A comprehensive community-driven mapping and dataset of spring sources in Kavre, Nepal

In the Himalayan region, a reliable and comprehensive spring source dataset is crucial for sustainable water source management, protection of the environment, climate change adaptation efforts, and formation of evidence-based informed policy decisions, where springs play a vital role in local water security. Community Resource Persons (CRPs)- these are local community members, who were trained in springshed management as well as in field data collection and collected the data using a mobile-based ArcGIS Survey123 app. The dataset includes the spring's georeferenced location, water use patterns, source conditions, discharge, basic socio-economic characteristics of dependent communities, and adaptation measures implemented by communities to address water scarcity. By integrating local knowledge and citizen science approaches with state-of-the-art digital technology, the dataset offers valuable insights for sustainable water resource management, highlighting the biophysical, cultural, social, and governance aspects of springs in the drought-prone region. This data can support socio-ecological research inform policymaking targeting water security and efforts aimed at the revival of springs. As the dataset is made publicly available through ICIMOD's Regional Database System (RDS) (https://rds.icimod.org/), it will serve as a foundation for the identification of critical springs for long-term monitoring and revival and assessing the impact on water security after the revival of dried springs, which will be important for researchers, policymakers, and conservation practitioners alike.