Features of lexical and semantic compatibility of the derived preposition "about" in modern Russian

In modern Russian, studies of service words are actively conducted, the task of which is to establish all the semantic and syntactic properties of each individual service unit. The object of this study is the preposition "about". The subject of the study is the lexical compatibility and semantics of this preposition. The purpose of the study is to establish the specifics of the compatibility of the preposition "about" and to identify the relationship of compatibility with the meaning of the preposition. In the article, the author analyzes the formulations of the meaning of the preposition "about" in dictionaries of the Russian language in terms of their similarities and differences. The main attention is paid to the identification of lexico-semantic groups into which vocabulary is combined, occupying the positions of the right and left components of the structure organized by the preposition, and on this basis, a conclusion is drawn about the relationship between the semantic specificity of the preposition "about" and its compatibility. The study uses a descriptive method, with the inclusion of contextual analysis techniques. The source of the material is the National Corpus of the Russian Language. As a result of the analysis of the vocabulary of the left component of the prepositional construction, it was found that the main common semantic feature of verbs of all lexico-semantic groups is speech–thinking activity aimed at an object called the genitive form, which occupies the position of the right component of the construction. At the same time, the analysis of vocabulary, which occupies the position of the right component, shows that the object of the speaker's speech-thinking activity can be any object of the surrounding reality, related to both the material and non-material world. In addition, the analysis showed that the preposition "about" always connects the sentence in which it is located with the previous context. The study found that the prepositional case form with the preposition "about" always indicates a situation, regardless of whether objective or non-objective nouns occupy the position of the right component of the construction. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the connection between the specificity of the compatibility of the preposition "about" and its semantics has been determined and formulated.