Non-Motor Features of Parkinson Disease: A New Clinical State of The Art

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multisystemic, progressive disorder in which there is dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, with involvement of the substantia nigra and consequently the development of pre-motor, non-motor and motor symptoms, leading to a difficulty in the patient's quality of life. The aim of this study was to carry out a narrative review of the literature to update the state of the art on the non-motor symptoms of PD. A review of the literature from the last 10 years was carried out, highlighting mainly the prodromal manifestations of PD, such as sleep symptoms, sensory symptoms, neuropsychiatric and autonomic symptoms in their prodromal phases and their relationship with motor symptoms. Thus, we reiterate that premotor manifestations precede motor symptoms by up to 20 years and, consequently, the diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disease with a guarded prognosis. Thus, more longitudinal studies are needed looking at the prodromal symptoms of PD to gain a broad understanding and consequent early diagnosis of the disease, in order to provide biomarkers and support for early treatment with an improved prognosis for individuals living with this neurodegenerative condition.