In situ Detection of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-3, and Leptin in Human Placental and Immature Fetus Tissues

Background: Gestational hypertension (HTN) can impair fetal growth and development. The purpose of this study was to look at the histological changes and level of expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and leptin in placental and fetal tissue from women with pregnancy HTN. Methods: Collection of tissue biopsy samples was from 60 women and divided into four groups: placenta-positive control (normal birth), placenta-negative control (a prior abortion), placenta and fetus (from dilation and curettage procedures), and miscarried placentas and fetuses from pregnancies exacerbated by high pressure. Histological and immunohistochemical markers for IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and leptin were done. Results: Women with gestational HTN had significant tissue alterations in their placentas, including increasing blood vessel thickness, fibrinoid exudate, chorangiosis, villus hypovascularization, and stromal fibrinoid necrosis. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a significant link between HTN and increased expression of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and leptin, with greater expression in the HTN group than in the control group. Conclusion: Pregnancy HTN causes histological changes in the placenta, which may lead to poor fetal outcomes. The abnormal regulation of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and leptin in the placenta and fetal tissues of women with HTN implies that these development factors may play a role in predicting and controlling high blood pressure-related births.