Exploring the nonlinear impact of emotional work demands and work passion on job satisfaction

Purpose We investigate the nonlinear relationship between emotional work demands (EWDs) and job satisfaction across different levels of work passion. Design/methodology/approach We analyzed data from 267 practicing nurses at a large USA hospital, collected over three distinct time points using polynomial analysis. Findings Results reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between EWDs and job satisfaction, with satisfaction peaking at moderate levels of EWDs. This pattern applies to individuals with lower work passion. For high-passion individuals, findings indicate a more complex pattern characterized by increased satisfaction at moderate-to-high EWDs and a marginally significant decrease at low-to-moderate EWDs. Practical implications For high-passion employees, organizations should assign higher EWDs strategically while ensuring support during lower-demand periods. For low-passion employees, maintaining moderate demands is optimal. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating work passion assessments in personnel selection and work design optimization. Originality/value This study challenges the often-assumed linear relationship between increased work demands and job satisfaction. By integrating job demands-resources and activation theories, we highlight unique mechanisms through which work passion shapes demand appraisal and response in emotionally demanding contexts.