New energy access, energy storage configuration and topology of public charging and swapping stations

With the increasingly severe global energy crisis and environmental pollution problems, new energy vehicles, as an important alternative to traditional fuel vehicles, have achieved rapid development. As of January 2024, the total number of charging infrastructure nationwide has reached 8.861 million units, a year-on-year increase of 63.7%, and there are 3624 battery swap stations. The popularity of new energy vehicles puts forward higher requirements for charging infrastructure. As an important supply station for new energy vehicles, public charging, and swapping stations have new energy access, energy storage configuration, and topology that directly affect charging efficiency, grid stability, and economy. This paper profoundly studies the new energy access, storage configuration, and public charging and swapping station topology. Analysis shows that new energy access has significant advantages. Experimental data show that in some areas with sufficient sunlight, using solar photovoltaic panels as the primary energy access method can provide up to 30% of energy supply, significantly reducing operating costs and carbon emissions. Energy storage system configuration is equally critical. By establishing an optimization model, the influence of different energy storage devices on the operating efficiency of charging and swapping stations is analyzed. Experimental results show that using a 100 kWh lithium-ion battery energy storage system, combined with appropriate charging and discharging strategies, can significantly improve energy utilization and response speed, provide power support during peak hours, smooth power grid fluctuations, and improve stability.