Design and Analysis of Dual-Substrate Compact Vertical and Horizontal DRAs for Enhanced Bandwidth and Gain at 13 GHz

The design and analysis of compact vertical and horizontal defctive resonator antennas (DRAs) containing such elements have been carried out for 13 GHz applications in 5G, satellite communications, and IoT. Both designs are compact, lightweight, efficient and exhibit high gain over a broad bandwidth. Inclusion of the dual layer substrates improves the performance of the TRMBS with better impedance matching, gain, and high bandwidth making the TRMBS versatile for modern communication systems. It points out the potential of compact DRAs as a solution for the next generation wireless technologies. Moreover, this work demonstrates a dual-substrate compact DRA design optimized for 13 GHz, and achieves significant improvements in terms of bandwidth (2.171GHz) and gain (7.06 dBi) as compared to the previous design having bandwidth about (0.61178 GHz). This variety of compact vertical and horizontal DRAs are tailored to 5G, IoT, and satellite applications as high functionality versatile solutions.