Probing the Theory-To-Practice Gap Among Student Nurses: The Case of Bicol University

Student nurses often struggle to transition from theoretical learning to real-world clinical practice. This study investigates the gaps between theory and practice among nursing students at Bicol University, aiming to develop solutions aligned with the program outcomes of the Commission on Higher Education’s (CHED) memorandum order no. 15 (CMO-15). Using a qualitative case study design, 24 RLE leaders from levels III and IV across three nursing schools were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected via focus group discussions, and the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s Gap Analysis Worksheet identified discrepancies between expected and actual practices. Findings showed gaps in 10 out of 14 program outcomes, particularly in applying sciences and humanities to nursing practice, which emerged as the most significant challenge. Responses revealed both commonalities and variations in performance indicators across campuses. The Guide in Advancing the Practices in Nursing 15 (GAPN-15) Model was developed to address these gaps. This model provides practical strategies to enhance students’ skills and knowledge, ensuring they meet program outcomes before graduating. The GAPN-15 Model offers actionable steps to bridge theory-practice gaps and better prepare nursing students for clinical environments, contributing to improved educational outcomes and patient care quality.