A Study on the Removal of Heat Generated by a Lithium-Ion Battery Module: A Fan-Assisted Battery Cooling Approach

Temperature is a crucial parameter for ensuring the long lifespan and safe operation of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). An efficient battery thermal management system (BTMS) tries to maintain temperature in between optimum limits. Despite some disadvantages, air-cooled BTMSs are still preferred due to their advantages such as light weight, simple design, low cost, and ease of maintenance. This study experimentally evaluated a fan-assisted BTMS for the purpose of cooling a 4S2P battery module that includes 18650 type cells. The battery module was initially tested with no cooling system to observe the temperature characteristics of the module, followed by testing with forced air cooling using a fan. Experiments were also conducted with perforated plates installed between the fan and the module to see their effects on the thermal behaviors. Tests were initiated when the ambient temperature was approximately 25 °C and the discharges were carried out by drawing constant currents of 4 A, 8 A, 12 A, and 16 A from the module via an electronic load. The results of this study highlighted the importance of an effective BTMS in ensuring battery safety and performance across different operational conditions. While all tested cooling configurations maintained acceptable temperature levels at lower discharge currents (4 A and 8 A), they struggled to do so at higher currents (12 A and 16 A). Among them, the Fan–HC mode demonstrated the highest efficiency, reducing the maximum temperature (Tmax) by 38.82% at 12 A and 28.89% at 16 A compared to the no-cooling scenario. Moreover, it ensured a more uniform temperature distribution within the module. These findings emphasize the necessity of optimized cooling strategies, particularly for high-power applications.